The Golden Age of the Umayyad Caliphate

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The Golden Age of the Umayyad Caliphate


 Hazrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz was the most important ruler of the Amavi Caliphate. Although Waleed's reign was unique in terms of public welfare, civic development, and war victories, history describes Hazrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz as a great man in the Amavi regime. He ruled for only two years and five months. Hijra year 99 to 101. But historical evidence suggests that in a short time he was able to restore a regime similar to that of Khulafa 'Rashidah. He is also known as the Fifth Caliph.


Reign of Amaviya. The Caliphate had in fact become a monarchy. The Umayyads, who had usurped the caliphate by force, had made the rule their family affair. Even public money was exchanged as if it were private property. An important factor that made Hazrat Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz unique from this group of rulers was that he put an end to such injustices.


Waleed's brother, his father Abdul Aziz, was governor of Egypt. Hazrat Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Azeez may have left a penchant for goodness at an early age, perhaps from his father's discipline. Hazrat Umar ibn 'Abd al-Aziz was not only a ruler but also an important scholar of his time.


Before becoming caliph, he lived a life of complete luxury. Historical records show that he wore only the finest garments and that the once worn garments were no longer used. But when he became caliph, he completely abandoned his monarchy and luxury.


To the rank of Caliph


Suleiman, who had been the caliph until then, was appointed caliph by the Amawiyya regime. The Amawi Khilafah was not a way for the people to choose a caliph. However, Hazrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz refused to take over the caliphate. He made a public statement that he was resigning and that the people could elect the people they wanted and make him caliph. History has it that the people did not allow him to resign. Together they elected him caliph. He was ready to take over the caliphate when he realized that no one disagreed.


Governance reforms


As soon as the Caliphate was taken over. He dismissed corrupt and repressive officials. The public treasury was made the property of the people. The wealth in it was spent only for the public good.

Not only did it prevent the illicit use of public property. The ill-gotten gains were taken back by the royal family and returned to the rightful heirs. He also revised the exorbitant pension paid to the former royal families to equal that of the common man. Many royal families could not afford it. As a result, many became his enemies.

He was very careful when using public property even for administrative purposes. His rule was based on justice. He did not agree with the rule of Hajjajubnu Yusuf. He is replacing several governors appointed by Hajjaj. He emphasized that the ruling party was not a dictatorship and that justice and fairness should prevail. There was a harsh system of punishment during the Amavi regime that punished even the slightest suspicion. He opposes it even in strong language. In one of his speeches, he advised his governors not to carry out punishment without being convicted under the Shariah.

He did not discriminate between non-Muslims and non-Muslims in the administration of justice. History has it that the property of the Christians in the area was returned to those who returned the illicit property of the royal family. When it was discovered that the land owned by Abbas, the son of Waleed, belonged to a Christian, Hazrat Umar ibn 'Abd al-Aziz ordered that it be returned to him. When Abbas was not ready for it, he seized it by force and returned it.


Welfare activities


First, Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz expanded the public welfare activities carried out during Waleed's time. Roadblocks were set up along the roads in Khorasan and Turkestan. Of these, ordinary travelers were given one day and patients two days free accommodation.

Second, pensions were introduced for all the disabled people in the country. He even gave a pension to breastfed children like Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattab.

Third, arrangements were made to repay debts to the poor.

Fourth, the greatest thing he did was to end the monarchy and establish a caliphate. Only then is it possible to implement all such things. As a result of these activities, sustainability was at stake. People are no longer eligible to accept donations. He was just two years oldIt should be added that this has changed so much.


Death


He had many enemies in the royal family because of his reform activities. They feared that the righteous caliphate would be restored. Eventually, some people poisoned him to death. Hazrat Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Azeez was only 39 years old at the time.

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