USMANIA KHILAFAT

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The Ottoman Empire is one of the longest-serving regimes in Islamic history. It is known by the Turkish dynasty, the Ottoman Sultanate, the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman Caliphate. Usman Khan (c. 1288-1326) was the founder of the Ottoman Empire. It was in 1289. Establishment of. The first center of the Ottoman Empire was the area of ​​Jagir, which Alauddin Sal Jaqi rewarded his father for defeating the Mongols. Starting from there, Usman Khan's fighting prowess led to the conquest of Barusa by the Romans in 1326 and the expansion of the borders of the Ottoman Empire.



 Later, the administration shifted its focus to Batasa. After Usman Khan, his son Arkhan came to power. He played a major role in the development of the Ottoman Empire and thanked them for their invasion of Europe. Later Sultan Murad I (1959-1389) expanded the empire by conquering Adenopil in 1361. By 1389, the Balkans, up to the Thaniub River, had fallen into disrepair. Ba Yazid, who later came to power, conquered Asia Minor and began efforts to capture Constantinople. But not only was the attempt unsuccessful, he was captured by Timur. In view of this, the Christians came on the scene and conquered some of the territories under the Ottomans. This was a major blow to the growing Ottoman Empire. There were fears that the government would collapse with this. It was at this time that Bayazid's son Muhammad I (1412-1421) came to power. He was strong and brave. He worked hard to restore the empire and regain its lost heritage and found success in his endeavors. Under him the Ustanis regained power and made a great comeback. Therefore, Muhammad I was known as the second founder of the Ottoman Empire. Later Murad II (1421-1451) recaptured the lost territories and secured the administrative area.


 With the conquest of Constantinople by Muhammad II (1451-1481) in 1453, the face of the state changed and a strong entity emerged. With this, the Ottomans were able to make great strides in the field of trade and politics. It also conquered many areas in and around Europe. 


The Ottoman Empire had a number of powerful and anti-government caliphs. Bayaseed II (1481-1512), son Salim (1512 1520), Sulaiman (1520-1566), Salim II (1566-1574), Murad III (1574-1595), Muhammad III (1595-1603), Ahmad I (1603) 1617), 'Uthman II (1617-1622) and Murad IV (1623-1640) are some of them. 


Great developments and cuts took place during their time. These were the golden days of the Ottoman Empire. With the passage of the seventeenth century, the Ottomans began to suffer from weakness and laziness. He also had to face defeat in many decisive battles. The Turks who invaded Vienna suffered a major defeat at the hands of John III of Poland. With the Treaty of Karlovitz in 1669, the Turks suffered a sharp decline in power. Hungary and Chancellor lost. With this, Turkey's glory faded and the graph of progress began to move in the opposite direction. With the extravagance and luxury of the sultans, the disintegration of the Usmani 13 dynasty became very clear.


The decline of the Ottomans was well exploited by the major powers in Europe. Their long-held desire is to destroy Muslim unity on a global scale. For that, they forgot everything and joined hands and accelerated the activities. By the eighteenth century, these forces began to invade Turkey, both organized and unorganized. During the 1830s and 1881s, France annexed many of its territories. There were still many losses. Turkey was then known as the patient of Europe.


 Abdul Hameed II (1876-1909), who came to power in 1876, strongly resisted foreign invasions but to no avail. Meanwhile, a French model parliament was formed in Turkey. Abdul Hameed repealed the constitution and dissolved it. But the European advance still continued. In 1912, Italy conquered Libya. With the Balkan Wars of 1913, Turkey lost all European nations. By then, the Yavat Turks, led by Kamal Ataturk, had also started a riot there. The scene for the sultans when the attack from the outside and the attack from the inside came together. Unable to control. Accordingly, in 1922, Sultan Muhammad IV was deported by a British cadre, Salman Abd al-Majir, who came to power, and the revolutionaries who had turned against him ended the caliphate on October 29, 1923 .1924 march they deported. With this, the Usmani regime came to an end. The Ottomans were a ruling family who made great contributions in the fields of education, literature and culture. There have been many notable leaps in the field of construction and science during this period. Its remains can still be seen in and around Turkey.

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